Level shifter concept for fast level transient design

ABSTRACT

A driving circuit is provided by the present invention. The driving circuit includes a level shifter, a buffer and a switch. The switch is coupled between the level shifter and the buffer. While the level shifter is transiting, the switch is turned off, and the switch is turned on after the level shifter completes the transition. Therefore, the transition time of the level shifter is different from the transition time of the buffer so as to avoid simultaneously conducting large currents to adversely affect the transition capability of the level shifter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan applicationserial no. 96110327, filed on Mar. 26, 2007. All disclosure of theTaiwan application is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to a display, and moreparticularly, to a driving circuit of a display.

2. Description of Related Art

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional driving circuit for a display.Referring to FIG. 1, a driving circuit 100 includes a latch unit 105, alow-voltage buffer 110, a level shifter 120 and a buffer 130. The levelshifter 120 converts an input voltage VIN into an output voltage VOUTwith a larger voltage fluctuation.

When the voltage level of the input voltage VIN is changed, the levelshifter 120 and the buffer 130 would simultaneously transit the levelsthereof (a transition from a high-level to a low-level or from alow-level to a high-level). While the level shifter 120 is transiting,the level shifter 120 and the buffer 130 may conduct a large current dueto a tri-state that the level shifter 120 and the buffer 130 are in,which would establish a larger voltage drop across a parasitic resistorof a ground terminal. Since the current path in a chip contains aparasitic resistance, the large current of the level shifter 120 and thebuffer 130 conduct would pull up the voltage level of the groundterminal. At this time, if the level shifter 120 has a poor transitioncapability, a transition may fail in response to the voltage drop at theground terminal.

A circuit, for example, a driving circuit of a liquid crystal display(LCD) is usually composed of multiple level shifters and multiplebuffers, which conduct a larger current during the transiting thereof toincrease the voltage drop of the ground terminal. Thus, the levelshifters are more likely affected thereby and fail to transit.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a driving circuitenabling the level shifter and the buffer thereof to transitasynchronously so as to avoid producing a large current to adverselyaffect the transiting operation of the level shifter.

The present invention is also directed to a driving circuit including aswitch between the level shifter and the buffer thereof to enable thelevel shifter and the buffer to transit asynchronously so as to avoidthe level shifter from a transition disturbance.

The present invention is also directed a driving circuit to enable thebuffer only after the level shifter completes a transition so as toavoid a large current produced by simultaneous transitions and enhancethe transition capability of the driving circuit.

As embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention providesa driving circuit, which includes a level shifter, a buffer and a firstswitch, wherein the level shifter is employed for converting the voltagelevel of an input voltage; the first switch is coupled between the levelshifter and the buffer, the first switch is turned off during thetransition of the level shifter and is turned on after the level shiftercompletes a transition.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit includesa second switch coupled between an operation voltage and the inputterminal of the buffer, wherein when the first switch is turned on, thesecond switch is turned off, and when the first switch is turned off,the second switch is on.

The present invention provides a driving circuit, which includes a levelshifter, a first buffer, a second buffer, a first switch and a secondswitch. The level shifter is employed for converting the voltage levelof an input voltage, the first switch is coupled between the levelshifter and the first buffer, and the second switch is coupled betweenthe first buffer and the second buffer. The first switch and the secondswitch are turned off during the transition of the level shifter and areturned on after the level shifter completes a transition.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit includesa third switch coupled between an operation voltage and the inputterminal of the first buffer, wherein when the first switch is turnedon, the third switch is turned off; and when the first switch is turnedoff, the third switch is turned on.

The present invention provides a driving circuit, which includes a levelshifter, a buffer and a switch. The level shifter is employed forconverting the voltage level of an input voltage, the buffer is coupledto the output terminal of the level shifter and the switch is coupledbetween an operation voltage and the power supply terminal of the bufferfor controlling the power-supplying time. The switch is turned offduring the transiting of the level shifter and is turned on after thelevel shifter completes a transition so as to delay the time point atwhich the buffer starts a transition.

The present invention further provides a driving circuit, which includesa level shifter, a buffer and a switch. The level shifter is employedfor converting the voltage level of an input voltage, the buffer iscoupled to the output terminal of the level shifter and the switch iscoupled between a ground terminal and the buffer. The switch is turnedoff during the transition of the level shifter and is turned on afterthe level shifter completes a transition so as to avoid the levelshifter and the buffer from transiting simultaneously to cause a voltagedrop at the ground terminal.

The present invention further provides a driving circuit, which includesa level shifter, a buffer, a first resistor, a second resistor, a firstswitch and a second switch. The level shifter is employed for convertingthe voltage level of an input voltage, the buffer is coupled to theoutput terminal of the level shifter and operated between an operationvoltage and a ground terminal, the first resistor is coupled between theoperation voltage and the buffer, the second resistor is coupled betweenthe ground terminal and the buffer, the first switch is connected to thefirst resistor in parallel and the second switch is connected to thesecond resistor in parallel. The first switch and the second switch areturned off during the transition of the level shifter and are turned onafter the level shifter completes a transition so as to lower thecurrent conducted by the buffer during the transiting of the buffer.

In summary, the present invention makes the transition time of the levelshifter asynchronous from the transition time of the buffer to avoid alarge current caused by the simultaneous transitions to adversely affectthe voltage level of the ground terminal. Thus, the level shifter of thepresent invention is able to transit in a normal bias voltage and thedriving circuit accordingly has an enhanced transition capability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of theinvention and, together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional driving circuit.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a driving circuit according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 3 a is a diagram of a driving circuit according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 b is a signal timing diagram of a driving circuit according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 3 c, 4 a-4 d, 5 a-5 d and 6 are diagrams of driving circuitsaccording to various embodiments of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferredembodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers areused in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or likeparts.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a driving circuit according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. A driving circuit 200 includes a latch unit 210,a low-voltage buffer 230, a level shifter 240, a switch S2 and a buffer220, wherein the switch S2 is coupled between the level shifter 240 andthe input terminal of the buffer 220. The level shifter 240 and thebuffer 220 are operated between an operation voltage VDD and anoperation voltage VSS, while the latch unit 210 and the low-voltagebuffer 230 are operated between an operation voltage VD and an operationvoltage VS. The operation voltage VDD can be greater than the operationvoltage VD, while the operation voltage VSS can be less than theoperation voltage VS. The low-voltage buffer 230 and the buffer 220 arerespectively formed by an inverter.

The latch unit 210 receives an input voltage VIN for latching the inputvoltage VIN. The low-voltage buffer 230 receives the input voltage VINvia the latch unit 210 and outputs a first input voltage IN an a secondinput voltage INB, wherein the first input voltage IN and the secondinput voltage INB are phase-inverted to each other. As the level shifter240 transits, the switch S2 is turned off, and after the level shifter240 completes a transition according to the first input voltage IN andthe second input voltage INB, a shifting voltage VL is produced. Next,the switch S2 is turned on for the buffer 220 to receive the shiftingvoltage VL to start a transition and thereby produce an output voltageVOUT. Since the level shifter 240 and the buffer 220 herein takedifferent time points for transition, therefore, simultaneous generationof an instant large current to increase the voltage drop at the groundterminal may be avoided, which enables the level shifter 240 to have abetter transition capability.

FIG. 3 a is a diagram of a driving circuit according to anotherembodiment of the present invention. A driving circuit 300 includes alatch unit 310, a low-voltage buffer 320, a level shifter 330, switchesS3 and S4 and a buffer 340, wherein the switch S3 is coupled between thelevel shifter 330 and the input terminal of the buffer 340, while theswitch S4 is coupled between an operation voltage VDD and the inputterminal of the buffer 340. The latch unit 310 receives an input voltageVIN for latching the input voltage VIN and outputting a control signalVC, wherein the control signal VC can be produced in other way as well.The driving circuit 300 receives the input voltage VI via the latch unit310. The latch unit 310 and the low-voltage buffer 320 are operatedbetween an operation voltage VD and an operation voltage VS, and thelevel shifter 330 and the buffer 340 are operated between the operationvoltage VDD and an operation voltage VSS. Similarly, the operationvoltage VDD can be greater than the operation voltage VD, the operationvoltage VSS can be less than the operation voltage VS, and the operationvoltage VS and the operation voltage VSS can be a voltage at the groundterminal.

In many application circuits, for example, in a driving circuit of aliquid crystal display screen, the latch unit 310 is usually employedfor latching the input voltage VIN, and in the present embodiment, theinput voltage VIN ranges between the operation voltage VD and theoperation voltage VS. As the latch unit 310 outputs the latched inputvoltage VIN, the latch unit 310 at the time would enable the controlsignal VC. Thus, the switches S3 and S4 in the driving circuit 300 areturned on respectively according to the control signal VC so as to avoidthe level shifter 330 and the buffer 340 from simultaneously transiting.

In the driving circuit 300, the low-voltage buffer 320 is employed forreceiving the input voltage VIN provided by the latch unit 310 andthereby outputting a first input voltage IN and a second input voltageINB, wherein the first input voltage IN and the second input voltage INBare phase-inverted to each other. As the latch unit 310 outputs theinput voltage VIN, the driving circuit 300 turns off the switch S3 andturns on the switch S4 according to the control signal VC. In this way,the buffer 340 would not transit along with while the level shifter 330is outputting, and the turned on switch S4 enables the input terminal ofthe buffer 340 to sustain a high-voltage level to avoid a floatingstate. After the level shifter 330 completes a transition, the drivingcircuit 300 turns on the switch S3 and turns off the switch S4, so thatthe buffer 340 receives a shifting voltage VL for transiting andproduces an output voltage VOUT. Since the level shifter 330 and thebuffer 340 take different time points for transition, so as to avoidsimultaneously producing an instant large current to cause a voltagedrop at the ground terminal and to thereby affect the transitioncapability of the level shifter 330.

FIG. 3 b is a signal timing diagram of a driving circuit. Referring toFIGS. 3 a and 3 b, the on/off states of the switches S3 and S4 in FIG. 3a are controlled by the control signal VC. At a time point t1, the inputvoltage VIN output from the latch unit 310 is transited from a low-levelto a high-level, while the first input voltage IN is transitedaccordingly from a low-level to a high-level and the control signal VCis enabled. Therefore, as the level shifter 330 starts to transit, theshifting voltage VL gradually converts the level thereof to a high-levelduring a duration T and the converting speed depends on the transitioncapability of the level shifter 330. During the transition of the levelshifter 330, i.e., during the duration T, the switch S3 is turned offand the switch S4 is turned on. Only after the level shifter 330completes a transition, i.e., after a time point t2, the driving circuit300 turns on the switch S3 and turns off the switch S4. It can be seenherein, only after the time point t2, the output voltage VOUT starts tobe transited from the low-level to the high-level.

During the transition of the level shifter 330, the level shifter 330may produce a leakage current IDD due to the transition and theoperation voltage VSS thereof would rise due to the leakage current IDD.This is because there is a parasitic resistance on the conduction pathof the current, and a rising conduction current would cause a voltagedrop. When the rising level amplitude of the operation voltage VSS isexcessive, the transition capability of the level shifter 330 isaffected, so that the shifting voltage VL is unable to reach a properlevel of rising or falling. The present embodiment is also suitable forthe case of converting a high-level into a low-level, and anyone skilledin the art would be able to easily deduce the circuit principleaccording to the disclosure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 c is a diagram of a driving circuit according to anotherembodiment of the present invention. The driving circuit 301 of FIG. 3 cis similar to the driving circuit 300 in FIG. 3 a, except that theswitch S5 in FIG. 3 c is coupled between the operation voltage VSS andthe input terminal of the buffer 340. Here, the control signal VC isalso used to turn off the switch S3 and turn on the switch S5 during thetransition of the level shifter 330. After the level shifter 330completes a transition, the switch S3 is turned on and the switch S5 isturned off, which enables the input terminal of the buffer 340 toreceive the shifting voltage VL. In addition, the switches S3 and S5 arecontrolled not necessarily by using the control signal VC. In fact, theswitches S3 and S5 can be controlled by other control signals.

In the driving circuit for driving a liquid crystal display panel (LCDpanel), the back-stage thereof further includes a digital-to-analogconverter (DAC) to receive a digital signal composed of output voltagesVOUT of multiple buffers and to convert the received digital signal intoan analog voltage for driving the LCD panel. In an embodiment, theoutput voltages VOUT are to pass through another buffer, then, are inputto the DAC. FIG. 4 a is a diagram of a driving circuit according toanother embodiment of the present invention. The driving circuit 400includes a latch unit 410, a level shifter 420, buffers 430 and 440 andswitches S6, S7, S8 and S9, wherein the output voltage VOUT from thebuffer 430 passes through the buffer 440 to produce another outputvoltage VOUT′. The switch S6 is coupled between the level shifter 420and the buffer 430, the switch S8 is coupled between the buffer 430 andthe buffer 440, the switch S7 is coupled between the operation voltageVDD and the input terminal of the buffer 430, and the switch S9 iscoupled between the operation voltage VDD and the input terminal of thebuffer 440. The latch unit 410 and the level shifter 420 arerespectively operated between the operation voltage VD and the operationvoltage VS, the buffer 430 and the buffer 440 are respectively operatedbetween the operation voltage VDD and the operation voltage VSS, and thebuffers 430 and 440 can be respectively implemented by an inverter.

According to the above description, the switches S6 and S8 are disposedmainly for preventing the buffers 430 and 440 from a transitingsimultaneously to the transiting of the level shifter 420, where theswitches S6 and S8 are turned off during the transition of the levelshifter 420. The switches S7 and S9 are disposed mainly for preventingthe input terminals of the buffers 430 and 440 from a floating state,where the switches S7 and S9 are turned on during the transiting of thelevel shifter 420. It is noted that the switches S7 and S9 can berespectively disposed not only between the operation voltage VDD and theinput terminals of the buffers 430 and 440, but also between theoperation voltage VSS and the input terminals of the buffers 430 and 440which functions in the same way to prevent the input terminals of thebuffers 430 and 440 from a floating state. The configurations of otherdriving circuits 401-403 are shown by FIGS. 4 b-4 d; anyone skilled inthe art would be able to deduce the principles thereof according to thedisclosures of the present invention, thus, they are omitted to describefor simplicity.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the switches S6 and S8in the FIGS. 4 a-4 d can also adjust the transition time points of thebuffers 430 and 440 in a sequential conduction manner, where theswitches S6 and S8 need to adjust the corresponding turning-on timepoint and turning-off time point so as to prevent the input terminals ofthe buffers 430 and 440 from a floating state. Anyone skilled in the artshould be able to deduce the implementations thereof according to thedisclosures of the present invention, thus, they are omitted to describefor simplicity.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the transiting timepoints of the buffers can be controlled by enabling/disabling thebuffers, which are shown by FIGS. 5 a-5 d. FIG. 5 a is a diagram of adriving circuit according to yet another embodiment of the presentinvention. A driving circuit 500 includes a latch unit 505, a levelshifter 510, a buffer 520 and a switch S16, wherein the switch S 16 iscoupled between an operation voltage VDD and the power supply terminalof the buffer 520 for controlling the power-supplying time. When thelevel shifter 510 is transiting, the switch S16 is turned off, whichdisables the buffer 520 so that the buffer 520 fails to transit alongwith the output of the level shifter 510. Once the level shifter 510completes transition, the switch S16 is turned on and the buffer 520starts a corresponding transition in response to the output of the levelshifter 510. In addition, referring to FIG. 5 b, a switch S17 in adriving circuit 501 is coupled between the buffer 520 and the operationvoltage VSS, where the operation principle is similar to the abovedescription and omitted to describe.

In FIG. 5 c, a driving circuit 502 converts a low-level into ahigh-level. The driving circuit 502 includes a latch unit 531, alow-voltage buffer 533, a level shifter 535, buffers 537 and 539 andswitches S20, S21 and S22. The switch S20 herein is coupled between anoperation voltage VDD and the power supply terminal of the buffer 537for controlling the power-supplying time of the buffer 537. During thetransition of the level shifter 535, the switch S20 is turned off, whichdisables the buffer 537 so that the buffer 537 fails to transit with theoutput of the level shifter 535. Once the level shifter 535 completestransition, the switch S20 is turned on and the buffer 537 starts acorresponding transition in response to the output of the level shifter535. The output voltage VOUT of the buffer 537 further passes throughthe buffer 539 to produce an output voltage VOUT′. The switch S21 isdisposed mainly for preventing the buffers 537 and 539 fromsimultaneously transiting, so that the switch S21 are, for example,turned on only after the switch S20 is turned on for a while. The switchS22 is employed to prevent the input terminal of the buffer 539 from afloating state. In addition referring to FIG. 5 d, a driving circuit 503is similar to the driving circuit 502 except that the driving circuit503 employs a switch S23 to control the power-supplying time of thebuffer 537 and a switch S25 to prevent the buffer 539 from a floatingstate. In fact, the above-described embodiment can be suitable forconverting a high-level into a low-level as well. Anyone skilled in theart would be able to deduce the principle thereof according to thedisclosures of the present invention, thus, it is omitted to describefor simplicity.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a driving circuit according to yet anotherembodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment,resistors R1 and R2 are employed to lower the current conducted by thebuffer so as to avoid the driving circuit 600 in FIG. 6 from producing alarge current. The driving circuit 600 includes a latch unit 605, alevel shifter 610, a buffer 620, resistors R1 and R2 and switches S18and S19. The switch S18 and the resistor R1 are connected in paralleland coupled between an operation voltage VDD and the buffer 620; theswitch S 19 and the resistor R2 are connected in parallel connection andcoupled between an operation voltage VSS and the buffer 620. During thetransition of the level shifter 610, the switches S18 and S19 turned areoff; once the level shifter 610 completes the transition, the switchesS18 and S19 are turned on so as to lower the current the buffer 620conducts during the transition thereof.

In the above-described embodiments, the operation voltages VD, VDD, VSand VSS represent the operation voltages of the latch unit, the levelshifter, the buffer and so on, but the present invention does not limitthe above-mentioned configuration. In fact, the operation voltages VSand VSS can take a ground terminal voltage or other voltages (forexample, a negative voltage value), all of which the driving circuit ofthe present invention is still suitable for and they are omitted todescribe herein.

In summary, the buffer and the level shifter of the present invention donot transit at a same time, and the buffer is allowed to conduct acorresponding transition only after the level shifter completes thetransition thereof. The scheme for the level shifter and the buffer toasynchronously transit is able to lower the leakage current of thedriving circuit during transiting, which accordingly enhances thetransition capability of the driving circuit.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made to the structure of the presentinvention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present inventioncover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fallwithin the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

1. A driving circuit, comprising: a level shifter, for converting alevel of an input voltage; a buffer; and a first switch, coupled betweenthe level shifter and the buffer; wherein the first switch is turned offwhile the level shifter is transiting and is turned on after the levelshifter completes the transition.
 2. The driving circuit according toclaim 1, further comprising a second switch, wherein the buffer receivesan operation voltage, the second switch is coupled between the operationvoltage and an input terminal of the buffer, the second switch is turnedoff when the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turnedon when the first switch is turned off.
 3. The driving circuit accordingto claim 1, further comprising a second switch coupled between a groundterminal and an input terminal of the buffer, wherein the second switchis turned off when the first switch is turned on and the second switchis turned on when the first switch is turned off.
 4. The driving circuitaccording to claim 1, further comprising: a low-voltage buffer, foroutputting a first input voltage and a second input voltagephase-inverted to the first input voltage to the level shifter accordingto the input voltage so as to convert the level of the input voltage. 5.The driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuitselectively turns on the first switch according to a level variation ofthe input voltage.
 6. The driving circuit according to claim 1, furthercomprising a latch unit for outputting the input voltage to the levelshifter and thereby controlling the first switch.
 7. The driving circuitaccording to claim 1, wherein the buffer is an inverter.
 8. A drivingcircuit, comprising: a level shifter, for converting a level of an inputvoltage; a first buffer and a second buffer; a first switch, coupledbetween the level shifter and the first buffer; and a second switch,coupled between the first buffer and the second buffer; wherein thefirst switch and the second switch are turned off while the levelshifter is transiting and are turned on after the level shiftercompletes the transition.
 9. The driving circuit according to claim 8,further comprising a third switch coupled between an operation voltageand an input terminal of the first buffer, wherein the third switch isturned off when the first switch is turned on and the third switch isturned on when the first switch is turned off.
 10. The driving circuitaccording to claim 8, further comprising a third switch coupled betweena grounded terminal and an input terminal of the first buffer, whereinthe third switch is turned off when the first switch is turned on andthe second switch is turned on when the third switch is turned off. 11.The driving circuit according to claim 8, further comprising a thirdswitch coupled between an operation voltage and an input terminal of thesecond buffer, wherein the third switch is turned off when the firstswitch is turned on and the third switch is turned on when the firstswitch is turned off.
 12. The driving circuit according to claim 8,further comprising a third switch coupled between a ground terminal andan input terminal of the second buffer, wherein the third switch isturned off when the second switch is turned on and the third switch isturned on when the second switch is turned off.
 13. The driving circuitaccording to claim 8, wherein the driving circuit selectively turns onthe first switch and the second switch according to the level variationof the input voltage.
 14. The driving circuit according to claim 8,further comprising a latch unit for outputting the input voltage to thelevel shifter and thereby controlling the first switch and the secondswitch.
 15. The driving circuit according to claim 8, wherein the firstswitch and the second switch are sequentially turned on after the levelshifter completes the transition thereof.
 16. A driving circuit,comprising: a level shifter, for converting a level of an input voltage;a first buffer, coupled to an output terminal of the level shifter; anda first switch, coupled between an operation voltage and a power supplyterminal of the first buffer for controlling a power-supplying time ofthe first buffer; wherein the first switch is turned off while the levelshifter is transiting and is turned on after the level shifter completesthe transition.
 17. The driving circuit according to claim 16, furthercomprising: a second switch, having a first terminal coupled to theoutput terminal of the first buffer and a second terminal; a secondbuffer, having an input terminal coupled to the second terminal of thesecond switch; and a third switch, coupled between the operation voltageand the input terminal of the second buffer; wherein the second switchis turned on when the first switch is turned on so as to enable thesecond buffer to receive an output of the first buffer, the third switchis turned off when the second switch is turned on and the third switchis turned on when the second switch is turned off.
 18. A drivingcircuit, comprising: a level shifter, for converting a level of an inputvoltage; a first buffer, coupled to an output terminal of the levelshifter; and a first switch, coupled between a ground terminal and thefirst buffer; wherein the first switch is turned off while the levelshifter is transiting and is turned on after the level shifter completesthe transition.
 19. The driving circuit according to claim 18, furthercomprising: a second switch, having a first terminal coupled to theoutput terminal of the first buffer and a second terminal; a secondbuffer, having an input terminal coupled to the second terminal of thesecond switch; and a third switch, coupled between the ground terminaland the input terminal of the second buffer; wherein the second switchis turned on when the first switch is turned on so as to enable thesecond buffer to receive the output of the first buffer, the thirdswitch is turned off when the second switch is turned on and the thirdswitch is turned on when the second switch is turned off.
 20. A drivingcircuit, comprising: a level shifter, for converting a level of an inputvoltage; a buffer, coupled to an output terminal of the level shifterand operated between an operation voltage and a ground terminal; a firstresistor, coupled between the operation voltage and the buffer; a secondresistor, coupled between the ground terminal and the buffer; a firstswitch, connected in parallel to the first resistor; and a secondswitch, connected in parallel to the second resistor; wherein the firstswitch and the second switch are turned off while the level shifter istransiting, and the first switch and the second switch are turned onafter the level shifter completes the transition so as to lower currentconducted by the buffer during the transition thereof.